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Sojourner Truth (; born Isabella ("Bell") Baumfree; – November 26, 1883) was an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Truth was born into slavery in Swartekill, Ulster County, New York, but escaped with her infant daughter to freedom in 1826. After going to court to recover her son, in 1828 she became the first black woman to win such a case against a white man. She gave herself the name Sojourner Truth in 1843. Her best-known speech was delivered extemporaneously, in 1851, at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio. The speech became widely known during the Civil War by the title "Ain't I a Woman?," a variation of the original speech re-written by someone else using a stereotypical Southern dialect; whereas Sojourner Truth was from New York and grew up speaking Dutch as her first language. During the Civil War, Truth helped recruit black troops for the Union Army; after the war, she tried unsuccessfully to secure land grants from the federal government for former slaves. In 2014, Truth was included in Smithsonian magazine's list of the "100 Most Significant Americans of All Time".〔"(Meet the 100 Most Significant Americans of All Time )". The Smithsonian. November 17, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2015.〕 ==Early years== Truth was one of the ten or twelve〔The "ten or twelve" figure is from the section "Her brothers and sisters" in the ''Narrative'' (p. 10 in the 1998 Penguin Classics edition edited by Nell Irvin Painter); it is also used in Painter's biography, ''Sojourner Truth: A Life, A Symbol'' (Norton, 1996), p. 11; and in Carleton Mabee with Susan Mabee Newhouse's biography, ''Sojourner Truth: Slave, Prophet, Legend'' (New York University Press, 1993), p. 3.〕 children born to James and Elizabeth Baumfree (or Bomefree). Colonel Hardenbergh bought James and Elizabeth Baumfree from slave traders and kept their family at his estate in a big hilly area called by the Dutch name Swartekill (just north of present-day Rifton), in the town of Esopus, New York, north of New York City. Charles Hardenbergh inherited his father's estate and slaves.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Amazing Life page )〕 When Charles Hardenbergh died in 1806, nine-year-old Truth (known as Belle), was sold at an auction with a flock of sheep for $100 to John Neely, near Kingston, New York. Until that time, Truth spoke only Dutch. She later described Neely as cruel and harsh, relating how he beat her daily and once even with a bundle of rods. Neely sold her in 1808, for $105, to Martinus Schryver of Port Ewen, a tavern keeper, who owned her for eighteen months. Schryver sold her in 1810 to John Dumont of West Park, New York.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=State University of New York at New Paltz )〕 Although this fourth owner was kindly disposed toward her, considerable tension existed between Truth and Dumont's second wife, Elizabeth Waring Dumont, who harassed her and made her life more difficult.〔Margaret Washington, Sojourner Truth's America (Illinois, 2009), p. 53.〕 (John Dumont's first wife, Sarah "Sally" Waring Dumont (Elizabeth's sister), died around 1805, five years before he bought Truth.)〔Margaret Washington, Sojourner Truth's America (Illinois, 2009), 36.〕 Around 1815, Truth met and fell in love with a slave named Robert from a neighboring farm. Robert's owner (Charles Catton, Jr., a landscape painter) forbade their relationship; he did not want his slave to have children with a slave he did not own, because he would not own the children. One day Robert sneaked over to see Truth. When Catton and his son found him, they savagely beat Robert until Dumont finally intervened, and Truth never saw Robert again. He later died as a result of the injuries, and the experience haunted Truth throughout her life. Truth eventually married an older slave named Thomas. She bore five children: James, her firstborn, who died in childhood; Diana (1815), fathered by either Robert or John Dumont; and Peter (1821), Elizabeth (1825), and Sophia (ca. 1826), all born after she and Thomas united.〔Nell Irvin Painter, ''Sojourner Truth: A Life, A Symbol'' (Norton, 1996), p. 19 and Margaret Washington, "Sojourner Truth's America" (Illinois, 2009), 51-52.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sojourner Truth」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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